Hello fellow Lemmings! I hope this is the right place to ask this. I don’t understand how web domains work. Let’s say I want to buy the domain “abcdefghi.net”. I can go to a domain provider like haruba or godaddy and just buy it. but how can they, a private, sell me these domains? I’m not talking about the hosting, but just the domain. where do they register this domain I’m buying? isn’t it possible to register it myself instead of paying these services to do it for me?
They are a “registrar”, and are licensed to sell you domains, which they accredited the ability to do so via the IANA authority (I think)
In theory you could become a registrar and pay the icann’s fee per domain to sell domains to yourself for cheaper. In practice, becoming a registrar is prohibitively expensive because you have to pay ICANN 10k, and then spend a whole lot more on certifications and processes, and audits from auditors. I recommend staying away from GoDaddy as they are infamous for being very bad to do business with, personally I’d recommend gandi.net and google.domains. namecheap also has interesting offerings.
If you are a student, the Github Student Pack gives you a free .me domain for a year.
it’s “only” 10K? It isn’t so much if you think about it, I expected a lot more
If you are a student, the Github Student Pack gives you a free .me domain for a year. cool! after the 1 year you can pay to keep it or just let it go?
10k is just the nominal fee, the real costs are in the certifications and audits.
the student pack just gives you a 1 year free promo code so you can pay to keep it.
Another vote for Gandi here - used them for years and absolutely no complaints.
That said, CloudFlare are a competent registrar as well and if you’re going to use them for your site anyway…
I have some understanding of how this works:
- There’s a non-profit organisation called ICANN at the top who basically controls everything and assigns TLD (top level domains like .com) and so on to registries.
- Registries host different TLDs and keep track of all domains under them.
- Registrar is an ICANN accredited company that can sell domain names. When you buy abcd.net from say Google domains, Google basically files your domain name with the .net registery.
As far as I know, you can’t buy a domain from ICANN directly because they don’t sell stuff? Only registrars can.
In practice there are registrars that charge you the actual price of the domain + a small registration fee (15 cents maybe) in a transparent way without any markup. An example is cloudflare.
Also in practice stay away from GoDaddy. They’re one of the most horrible companies I know. Porkbun, cloudflare, namecheap, namesilo, Google are all usually moderately priced good options. You can find details of all registrars for a tld and their prices using tld-list like: tld-list.com/tld/nameoftld.
Hope that helps :)
Google is not often regarded as Good. “Don’t Be Evil” seems like a distant memory.
I suggest Gandi as an option that does some good.
I mean I’m not a fan of their other services but they have been pretty okay as a domain registrar. Gandi is pretty decent too :) My favourite is prokbun.
When you buy a domain, you buy the right to (among other things) edit the address book for that domain, also known as DNS zones.
Once you buy the domain, for example, you can tell your domain provider “I want example.com to point to the IP address 1.2.3.4”.
Most importantly the domain provider has been given the rights to sell these domains by ICANN who manages what is known as the “root DNS servers”.
When a computer has no idea who to contact to resolve a domain it contacts the root DNS servers first and these tell them to check the entries of the domain provider. It all trickles down from there. If the domain provider wasn’t approved by ICANN then their root DNS servers would never point to them.
In reality there’s more organizations involved including: resellers, registrars and registries. But they all follow the same principle and create a chain of linked address books (DNS zones) that flow from the root DNS servers.
There is not stopping you from setting up your own domain system. You can get all the domains you want for free, but no other computer would be able to access them because by default the convention is to trust only the ICANN DNS servers.
If you use windows, Google “hosts file”. In that file you can enter any domain you want and an associated IP address and your computer will comply with it. You could even have google.com point to your own homepage, but of course that would only be your computer.
By the way, if you hear about DNS servers like google’s 8.8.8.8 or cloudflare’s 1.1.1.1, these are not the root DNS servers. These are called “resolvers” and they are the ones that talk to the root DNS zones and cache their response so that it can be resolved faster instead of having to go down the whole chain every time.
thanks for the super answer! I understand now!
Just to expand on the other (excellent) answers.
Why can’t you buy a bottle of ketchup directly from Heinz? Well, Heinz only sell wholesale to other businesses, like supermarkets. That’s a simple model for them - not having to sell to end users. They don’t want to be in a retail business because it’s cheaper selling to other businesses.
Additionally, most people don’t want to go to the Heinz shop for their ketchup and the Hellmans Shop for their mayonnaise. Most customers want one place where they can buy all their condiments together.
Registrars buy domains wholesale from registries. So you can go to a registrar and buy a .com or .co.uk and email hosting and a blogging platform.
I don’t think there are any Registries which sell direct to end customers. They don’t want your £10 - they want a Registrar’s £10,000.
