District heating allows a city to use industrial waste heat, from factories or data centres. It is also a lot easier to add storage in form of large insulated water tanks to the system. At that point you can add thermal solar to the mix and also just fairly simple large boilers(those are pretty close to 100% efficient and a lot cheaper then heat pumps).
As for geothermal, that too is an option in quite a few parts of Germany, if you go deep enough:
Also obviously large heat pumps are always an option as well.
District heating allows a city to use industrial waste heat, from factories or data centres. It is also a lot easier to add storage in form of large insulated water tanks to the system. At that point you can add thermal solar to the mix and also just fairly simple large boilers(those are pretty close to 100% efficient and a lot cheaper then heat pumps).
As for geothermal, that too is an option in quite a few parts of Germany, if you go deep enough:
Also obviously large heat pumps are always an option as well.