German media outlets Süddeutsche Zeitung, WDR, and NDR also cite the report, noting that Russian President Vladimir Putin appears intent on testing NATO’s Article 5 guarantees. The alliance’s mutual defence clause obliges member states to come to one another’s aid if attacked. The assessment suggests Putin may seek to challenge how seriously that commitment would be honoured.
They’re already quite successful in hybrid warfare against NATO and EU.
Probing NATO’s security guarantees doesn’t mean taking it on fully. It means testing out how far you can go without them fully committing with military.