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Joined 1 year ago
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Cake day: June 17th, 2023

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  • DC motors have high inductance, meaning that the current going over it will resist to change. When you turn off a pair of nmos, current will likely start flowing over the the other pair, from source to drain. Depending on the spec of your nmos, you may consider using diodes in parallel to nmos to carry this current. Obviously these diodes should be reverse biased during normal operation.



  • As you said before power on capacitor is discharged. Right after power on capacitor is still discharged, so voltage on capacitor is zero, so reset pin has Vcc. With time capacitor gets charges and voltage across capacitor increases and reset voltage becomes closer and closer to ground, until it is ground. But it is important to consider what happens at power down too. At power down capacitor is charged. If power source becomes high impedance at power down, then reset pin will probably go down to zero in time but may take a bit time depending on what source exactly does. But if power source is connected to zero at power down reset pin will observe minus vcc and slowly go up to 0. If reset pin is sensitive it may be a good idea to protect it with a diode.





  • Depending on the power consumption, you may consider not using thermal relief while connecting thermal vias for the chip (component 57) to ground layers. But this may make soldering harder so do it only if needed. Thermal vias are so close that they form 3 long dents in 3v3 plane. It is good practice to put vias a little far apart so that planes can go through between vias. This can be important since sometimes lowest impedance can be obtained when current is flowing between those vias. If you don’t need to fit 15 vias there, you may consider reducing the number and separating them a bit. You can also check the design rules for minimum copper width and minimum via clearance for your manufacturer and enter them in your CAD tool.




  • In this article RTL refers to register transfer level. It is a way of describing hardware on very low level, it uses registers for memory (which usually translates to flip-flops when/if synthesized), wires, basic arithmetic and logic operations, but terminology may slightly change based on which rtl language is being used. It can be used to design a CPU, or any ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) chip. Instructions may resemble to processor instructions, but the end result is fundamentally different. You may run a set of instructions on a processor, while what rtl describes is often synthesized and becomes the hardware itself which performs the operations (e.g. arithmetic logic unit in the cpu).




  • Covid advice was simple, people understood it but many didn’t comply because they didn’t find it convenient. There were also covid-deniers, and people who significantly underestimated it. There were people who found corporate cyber security measures inconvenient too in the places I worked, but ignorance was I think always the more important reason.

    I also think it isn’t enough for the advice to be simple, it should be somewhat easy to apply. “Don’t fall into phishing emails”. Sure, but how? Then it lists a bunch of tricks and hints and people can rarely remember all, and apply while they go through tens of emails daily. I think this is the message from the article.






  • I agree that AI can decimate workforce. My point is, other tools did that already and this is not unique to AI. Imagine electronic chip design. Transistor was invented in 40s and it was a giant tube. Today we have chips with billions of transistors. Initially people were designing circuits on transistor level, then register transfer level languages got invented and added a layer of abstraction. Today we even have high level synthesis languages which converts C to a gatelist. And consider the backend, this gate list is routed into physical transistors in a way that timing is met, clocks are distributed in balance, signal and power integrity are preserved, heat is removed etc. Considering there are billions of transistors and no single unique way of connecting them, tool gets creative and comes with a solution among virtually infinite possibilities which satisfy your specification. You have to tell the tool what you need, and give some guidance occasionally, but what it does is incredible, creative, and wouldn’t be possible if you gathered all engineers in the world and make them focus on a single complex chip without tools’ help. So they have been taking engineers’ jobs for decades, but what happened so far is that industry grew together with automation. If we reach the limits of demand, or physical limitations of technology, or people cannot adapt to the development of the tools fast enough by updating their job description and skillset, then decimation of the workforce happens. But this isn’t unique to AI.

    I am not against regulating AI, I am just saying what I think will happen. Offloading all work to AI and getting UBI would be nice, but I don’t see that happening in near future.